Otto Dix ยท Sylvia von Harden

Otto Dix (1891-1969) ~ Bildnis der Journalistin Sylvia von Harden, 1926. Oil and tempera on wood | src Centre Pompidou

Journaliste ร  Berlin dans les annรฉes 1920, Sylvia von Harden (1894-1963) s’affiche en intellectuelle รฉmancipรฉe par une pose nonchalante. Otto Dix contrarie son arrogance par le dรฉtail d’un bas dรฉfait. Sa robe-sac ร  gros carreaux rouges dรฉtonne avec l’environnement rose, typique de l’art nouveau. Le style rรฉaliste, froid et satirique est caractรฉristique du mouvement de la Nouvelle Objectivitรฉ [Neue Sachlichkeit] auquel appartient le peintre. Il s’inspire des maรฎtres allemands du dรฉbut du 16e siรจcle (Grรผnewald, Cranach et Holbein), par la technique de la tempera sur bois et l’exhibition d’une intรฉressante laideur. | src Centre Pompidou

Sylvia von Harden (1894-1963) was a journalist in Berlin in the 1920s. Her nonchalant stance is a statement of her emancipated intellectual role. Otto Dix undermines her arrogance with the detail of a loose stocking and her rather awkward pose. Her red-checkered sack dress contrast with the pink environment, typically Art Nouveau. The cold, satirical realism typifies the New Objectivity [Neue Sachlichkeit] movement to which the painter belonged. lnspired by early 16th-century German masters (Grรผnewald, Cranach and Holbein), he embraced the tempera on wood panel technique as well as the choice to exhibit the ugliness. | src Centre Pompidou

Note the inscription of her aristocratic name “Sylvia von Harden” on the inner cover of the cigarette box
Detail from: Otto Dix ~ Bildnis der Journalistin Sylvia von Harden, 1926. Huile et tempera sur bois
August Sander (1876-1964) ~ Secretary at the Westdeutscher Rundfunk in Cologne [Sylvia von Harden], 1931 | src Tate Gallery
August Sander (1876-1964) ~ Sekretรคrin beim Westdeutscher Rundfunk in Kรถln [Sylvia von Harden], 1931 | src Centre Pompidou
Otto Dix (1891-1969) ~ Bildnis der Journalistin Sylvia von Harden, 1926 (scan)

Installรฉ ร  Berlin entre 1925 et 1927, Dix peint une sรฉrie de portraits remarquables. Maintes fois reproduit et exposรฉ, celui de la journaliste Sylvia von Harden, de son vrai nom Sylvia Lehr (1894-1963), est lโ€™un des plus fascinants. Il offre une vรฉritable synthรจse dโ€™une recherche picturale qui sโ€™inscrit dans ce que le critique Gustav Hartlaub dรฉsigne comme ยซ lโ€™aile gauche vรฉriste ยป de la Neue Sachlichkeit [Nouvelle objectivitรฉ]. La reprรฉsentation sans complaisance dโ€™un type humain ร  travers ses attributs sโ€™exprime dans le choix dโ€™une intellectuelle รฉmancipรฉe des annรฉes 1920, aux allures masculines, fumant et buvant seule dans un cafรฉ. […] Lโ€™image de la journaliste, que Dix a rencontrรฉe au Romanische Cafรฉ, haut-lieu berlinois du monde littรฉraire et artistique, reste pourtant ambiguรซ. Si dans ses souvenirs publiรฉs ร  la fin des annรฉes 1950, la journaliste รฉmigrรฉe ร  Londres affirme que Dix lโ€™a choisie pour son allure, reprรฉsentative de cette รฉpoque, il semble que lโ€™artiste la montre aussi en porte-ร -faux par rapport ร  un type et un rรดle dans lesquels elle paraรฎt mal ร  lโ€™aise. Sa pose nonchalante, mais peu naturelle, paraรฎt trop ostentatoire ; son arrogance intellectuelle est contrariรฉe par lโ€™image de son bas dรฉfait ; et sa robe-sac ร  gros carreaux rouges lโ€™oppose ร  lโ€™environnement rose Art nouveau. Cette mise ร  nu semble avoir รฉchappรฉ au modรจle. | src Centre Pompidou

Living in Berlin between 1925 and 1927, Dix painted a series of remarkable portraits. Reproduced and exhibited many times, that of the journalist Sylvia von Harden, whose real name was Sylvia Lehr (1894-1963), is one of the most fascinating. It offers a true synthesis of pictorial research which is part of what the critic Gustav Hartlaub designates as the โ€œverist left wingโ€ of the Neue Sachlichkeit [New Objectivity]. The uncompromising representation of a human type through its attributes is expressed in the choice of an emancipated intellectual from the 1920s, with masculine appearance, smoking and drinking alone in a cafรฉ. […] The image of the journalist, whom Dix met at the Romanische Cafรฉ, a Berlin hotspot for the literary and artistic world, nevertheless remains ambiguous. In her memories published at the end of the 1950s, the journalist who emigrated to London affirms that Dix chose her for her appearance, representative of that era, but it seems that the artist also shows her cantilevered from to a type and a role in which she seems uncomfortable. Her nonchalant, but unnatural pose seems too ostentatious; her intellectual arrogance is thwarted by the image of her undone stockings; and her large red check sack dress contrasts with the pink Art Nouveau environment. This exposure seems to have escaped the model.

Angela Lampe. Extrait du catalogue Collection art moderne – La collection du Centre Pompidou, Musรฉe national dโ€™art moderne , Paris, Centre Pompidou, 2007

Sylvia von Harden by Sander

August Sander (1876-1964) ~ Secrรฉtaire ร  la Westdeutscher Rundfunk de Cologne [Sylvia von Harden], 1931 | src Centre Pompidou
August Sander (1876-1964) ~ Sekretรคrin beim Westdeutscher Rundfunk in Kรถln [Sylvia von Harden], 1931 | src Centre Pompidou
August Sander (1876-1964) ~ Sekretรคrin beim Westdeutscher Rundfunk in Kรถln [Sylvia von Harden], 1931 | src Centre Pompidou
August Sander (1876-1964) ~ Secretary at West German Radio in Cologne [Sylvia von Harden], 1931, printed 1992 | src Tate Gallery

Lilian Harveyhttps://embedr.flickr.com/assets/client-code.js

Ross Verlag :: Anglo-German postcard of Lilian Harvey in her outfit of Der Kongress tanzt (1931).ย British born, German actress and singer Lilian Harvey (1906 – 1968) was Ufaโ€™s biggest star of the 1930โ€™s. With Willy Fritsch she formed the โ€˜Dream Team of the European Cinemaโ€™. Their best film was the immensely popular film operetta Der Kongress tanzt / The Congress Dances (1931, Erik Charell). / src:ย Truus, Bob & Jan

Farmer girls by August Sander

August Sander (1876-1964) ~ Farmer’s Child, 1919, printed 1990. Die Photographische Sammlung / SK Stiftung Kultur / August Sander Archiv, Cologne | src Tate Liverpool: Portraying a Nation
August Sander (1876-1964) ~ Farm Girl, ca. 1910, printed 1990 | src Tate and National Galleries of Scotland

Portraying a Nation, which exhibits Dix and Sander as a pair for the first time, reflects a pivotal point in Germanyโ€™s history, as it introduced democratic rule in the aftermath of the First World War. The period was one of experimentation and innovation across the visual arts, during which both artists were concerned with representing the extremes of society, from the flourishing cabaret culture to intense poverty and civilian rebellions.

Featuring more than 300 paintings, drawings, prints and photographs, Portraying a Nation unites two complementary exhibitions. Otto Dix: The Evil Eye explores Dixโ€™s harshly realistic depictions of German society and the brutality of war, while ARTIST ROOMS: August Sander presents photographs from Sanderโ€™s best known series People of the Twentieth Century, from the ARTIST ROOMS collection of international modern and contemporary art.

The exhibition focusses on the evolution of Dixโ€™s work during his years in Dรผsseldorf, from 1922 to 1925, when he became one of the foremost New Objectivity painters, a movement exploring a new style of artistic representation following the First World War. Dixโ€™s paintings are vitriolic reflections on German society, commenting on the countryโ€™s stark divisions. His work represents the people who made up these contradictions in society with highlights including Portrait of the Photographer Hugo Erfurth with Dog 1923, Self-Portrait with Easel 1926, as well as a large group of lesser known watercolours. Dixโ€™s The War 1924 will also form a key element of the exhibition, a series of 50 etchings made as a reaction to and representation of the profound effect of his personal experiences of fighting in the First World War.

Sanderโ€™s photographs also observe a cross-section of society to present a collective portrait of a nation. Sander commenced his major photographic project People of the Twentieth Century in 1910, an ambitious task that occupied him until the 1950s. The project resulted in more than 600 images in which people were categorised into what he described as โ€˜typesโ€™, including artists, musicians, circus workers, farmers and, in the late 1930s, images of Nazi officers. More than 140 photographs from the ARTIST ROOMS collection will be displayed to create a large-scale timeline of Weimar Germany, placing individual subjects against a backdrop of the eraโ€™s tumultuous cultural and political history.

Text quoted from Tate gallery Liverpool: Portraying a Nation: Germany 1919-1933