Otto Dix · Sylvia von Harden

Otto Dix (1891-1969) ~ Bildnis der Journalistin Sylvia von Harden, 1926. Oil and tempera on wood | src Centre Pompidou

Journaliste à Berlin dans les années 1920, Sylvia von Harden (1894-1963) s’affiche en intellectuelle émancipée par une pose nonchalante. Otto Dix contrarie son arrogance par le détail d’un bas défait. Sa robe-sac à gros carreaux rouges détonne avec l’environnement rose, typique de l’art nouveau. Le style réaliste, froid et satirique est caractéristique du mouvement de la Nouvelle Objectivité [Neue Sachlichkeit] auquel appartient le peintre. Il s’inspire des maîtres allemands du début du 16e siècle (Grünewald, Cranach et Holbein), par la technique de la tempera sur bois et l’exhibition d’une intéressante laideur. | src Centre Pompidou

Sylvia von Harden (1894-1963) was a journalist in Berlin in the 1920s. Her nonchalant stance is a statement of her emancipated intellectual role. Otto Dix undermines her arrogance with the detail of a loose stocking and her rather awkward pose. Her red-checkered sack dress contrast with the pink environment, typically Art Nouveau. The cold, satirical realism typifies the New Objectivity [Neue Sachlichkeit] movement to which the painter belonged. lnspired by early 16th-century German masters (Grünewald, Cranach and Holbein), he embraced the tempera on wood panel technique as well as the choice to exhibit the ugliness. | src Centre Pompidou

Note the inscription of her aristocratic name “Sylvia von Harden” on the inner cover of the cigarette box
Detail from: Otto Dix ~ Bildnis der Journalistin Sylvia von Harden, 1926. Huile et tempera sur bois
August Sander (1876-1964) ~ Secretary at the Westdeutscher Rundfunk in Cologne [Sylvia von Harden], 1931 | src Tate Gallery
August Sander (1876-1964) ~ Sekretärin beim Westdeutscher Rundfunk in Köln [Sylvia von Harden], 1931 | src Centre Pompidou
Otto Dix (1891-1969) ~ Bildnis der Journalistin Sylvia von Harden, 1926 (scan)

Installé à Berlin entre 1925 et 1927, Dix peint une série de portraits remarquables. Maintes fois reproduit et exposé, celui de la journaliste Sylvia von Harden, de son vrai nom Sylvia Lehr (1894-1963), est l’un des plus fascinants. Il offre une véritable synthèse d’une recherche picturale qui s’inscrit dans ce que le critique Gustav Hartlaub désigne comme « l’aile gauche vériste » de la Neue Sachlichkeit [Nouvelle objectivité]. La représentation sans complaisance d’un type humain à travers ses attributs s’exprime dans le choix d’une intellectuelle émancipée des années 1920, aux allures masculines, fumant et buvant seule dans un café. […] L’image de la journaliste, que Dix a rencontrée au Romanische Café, haut-lieu berlinois du monde littéraire et artistique, reste pourtant ambiguë. Si dans ses souvenirs publiés à la fin des années 1950, la journaliste émigrée à Londres affirme que Dix l’a choisie pour son allure, représentative de cette époque, il semble que l’artiste la montre aussi en porte-à-faux par rapport à un type et un rôle dans lesquels elle paraît mal à l’aise. Sa pose nonchalante, mais peu naturelle, paraît trop ostentatoire ; son arrogance intellectuelle est contrariée par l’image de son bas défait ; et sa robe-sac à gros carreaux rouges l’oppose à l’environnement rose Art nouveau. Cette mise à nu semble avoir échappé au modèle. | src Centre Pompidou

Living in Berlin between 1925 and 1927, Dix painted a series of remarkable portraits. Reproduced and exhibited many times, that of the journalist Sylvia von Harden, whose real name was Sylvia Lehr (1894-1963), is one of the most fascinating. It offers a true synthesis of pictorial research which is part of what the critic Gustav Hartlaub designates as the “verist left wing” of the Neue Sachlichkeit [New Objectivity]. The uncompromising representation of a human type through its attributes is expressed in the choice of an emancipated intellectual from the 1920s, with masculine appearance, smoking and drinking alone in a café. […] The image of the journalist, whom Dix met at the Romanische Café, a Berlin hotspot for the literary and artistic world, nevertheless remains ambiguous. In her memories published at the end of the 1950s, the journalist who emigrated to London affirms that Dix chose her for her appearance, representative of that era, but it seems that the artist also shows her cantilevered from to a type and a role in which she seems uncomfortable. Her nonchalant, but unnatural pose seems too ostentatious; her intellectual arrogance is thwarted by the image of her undone stockings; and her large red check sack dress contrasts with the pink Art Nouveau environment. This exposure seems to have escaped the model.

Angela Lampe. Extrait du catalogue Collection art moderne – La collection du Centre Pompidou, Musée national d’art moderne , Paris, Centre Pompidou, 2007

Sylvia von Harden by Sander

August Sander (1876-1964) ~ Secrétaire à la Westdeutscher Rundfunk de Cologne [Sylvia von Harden], 1931 | src Centre Pompidou
August Sander (1876-1964) ~ Sekretärin beim Westdeutscher Rundfunk in Köln [Sylvia von Harden], 1931 | src Centre Pompidou
August Sander (1876-1964) ~ Sekretärin beim Westdeutscher Rundfunk in Köln [Sylvia von Harden], 1931 | src Centre Pompidou
August Sander (1876-1964) ~ Secretary at West German Radio in Cologne [Sylvia von Harden], 1931, printed 1992 | src Tate Gallery

Lilian Harveyhttps://embedr.flickr.com/assets/client-code.js

Ross Verlag :: Anglo-German postcard of Lilian Harvey in her outfit of Der Kongress tanzt (1931). British born, German actress and singer Lilian Harvey (1906 – 1968) was Ufa’s biggest star of the 1930’s. With Willy Fritsch she formed the ‘Dream Team of the European Cinema’. Their best film was the immensely popular film operetta Der Kongress tanzt / The Congress Dances (1931, Erik Charell). / src: Truus, Bob & Jan

Farmer girls by August Sander

August Sander (1876-1964) ~ Farmer’s Child, 1919, printed 1990. Die Photographische Sammlung / SK Stiftung Kultur / August Sander Archiv, Cologne | src Tate Liverpool: Portraying a Nation
August Sander (1876-1964) ~ Farm Girl, ca. 1910, printed 1990 | src Tate and National Galleries of Scotland

Portraying a Nation, which exhibits Dix and Sander as a pair for the first time, reflects a pivotal point in Germany’s history, as it introduced democratic rule in the aftermath of the First World War. The period was one of experimentation and innovation across the visual arts, during which both artists were concerned with representing the extremes of society, from the flourishing cabaret culture to intense poverty and civilian rebellions.

Featuring more than 300 paintings, drawings, prints and photographs, Portraying a Nation unites two complementary exhibitions. Otto Dix: The Evil Eye explores Dix’s harshly realistic depictions of German society and the brutality of war, while ARTIST ROOMS: August Sander presents photographs from Sander’s best known series People of the Twentieth Century, from the ARTIST ROOMS collection of international modern and contemporary art.

The exhibition focusses on the evolution of Dix’s work during his years in Düsseldorf, from 1922 to 1925, when he became one of the foremost New Objectivity painters, a movement exploring a new style of artistic representation following the First World War. Dix’s paintings are vitriolic reflections on German society, commenting on the country’s stark divisions. His work represents the people who made up these contradictions in society with highlights including Portrait of the Photographer Hugo Erfurth with Dog 1923, Self-Portrait with Easel 1926, as well as a large group of lesser known watercolours. Dix’s The War 1924 will also form a key element of the exhibition, a series of 50 etchings made as a reaction to and representation of the profound effect of his personal experiences of fighting in the First World War.

Sander’s photographs also observe a cross-section of society to present a collective portrait of a nation. Sander commenced his major photographic project People of the Twentieth Century in 1910, an ambitious task that occupied him until the 1950s. The project resulted in more than 600 images in which people were categorised into what he described as ‘types’, including artists, musicians, circus workers, farmers and, in the late 1930s, images of Nazi officers. More than 140 photographs from the ARTIST ROOMS collection will be displayed to create a large-scale timeline of Weimar Germany, placing individual subjects against a backdrop of the era’s tumultuous cultural and political history.

Text quoted from Tate gallery Liverpool: Portraying a Nation: Germany 1919-1933